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Sefer Zerubbabel also called the Book of Zerubbabel or the Apocalypse of Zerubbabel is a medieval Hebrew〔 apocalypse written at the beginning of the 7th century in the style of biblical visions (e.g. Daniel, Ezekiel) placed into the mouth of Zerubbabel,〔〔also spelled Zrubavel〕 the last descendant of the Davidic line to take a prominent part in Israel's history, who laid the foundation of the Second Temple in the 6th century BCE.〔 The enigmatic postexilic biblical leader receives a revelatory vision outlining personalities and events associated with the restoration of Israel, the End of Days,〔 and the establishment of the Third Temple. ==History== The groundwork for the book was probably written in Palestine between 629 and 636,〔 during fierce struggles between Persia and the Byzantine Empire for control of the Holy Land〔 (qq.v. Byzantine-Arab Wars, Muslim conquest of Syria). These wars touched Byzantine Palestine and stirred Messianic hopes among Jews, including the author for whom the wars appear to be eschatological events leading to the appearance of the Messiah.〔 Armilus is thought to be a cryptogram for Heraclius. And that the events described in the Sefer Zerubbabel coincide with the Jewish revolt against Heraclius. However, firm evidence of the work's existence prior to the tenth century is elusive.〔 The Zohar is cognizant of the legend of Hefzibah〔 whom the apocalypse first names as the mother of the Davidic Messiah.〔 Rabbis Saadia Gaon (892–942) and Hai ben Sherira Gaon (939–1038) probably knew the book, but never mention it by name.〔 ''Sefer Zerubbabel'' is extant in a number of manuscript and print recensions. What may be the oldest manuscript copy is part of a prayer book reportedly dated to about 840 CE. 〔 http://demoss.com/newsrooms/greencollection/news/green-scholars-discover-worlds-oldest-jewish-prayer-book/〕 The first publication was in 1519 in Constantinople within an anthology called ''Liqqutim Shonim''.〔 It was reprinted again along with the ''Sefer Malkiel'' in Vilna in 1819, and again by Adolph Jellinek in his ''Bet Ha-Midrasch'' (1853–77) and S. A. Wertheimer in his ''Leqet Midrashim'' (Jerusalem, 1903).〔 The fullest edition of the work was prepared by Israel Levi in his book ''L'apocalypse''. Because the book gave an unequivocal date (1058 CE) for the return of the Messiah, it exerted great influence upon contemporary Messianic thought.〔 The book is mentioned by Eleazar of Worms〔 and supposedly〔 by Rashi.〔 Abraham ibn Ezra criticized the book as "unreliable."〔 One edition of the ''Pirke Hekalot'' gave a figure of 890 years until the return of the Messiah, making the Messianic year 958 CE, within a decade of the birth of Saadia Gaon.〔 That date perhaps led to a message sent by Rhenish Jews to Palestine inquiring after rumors of the Messiah's advent. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Apocalypse of Zerubbabel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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